This section has two verses:
Titus 1:8-9
8 But a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men,
sober, just, holy, temperate;
9 Holding fast the faithful word as he hath been
taught, that he may be able by sound doctrine both
to exhort and to convince the gainsayers.
In verse 7 we see what elders must not be. In these
two verses, we see what elders [and
ultimately all firstfruits] must be.
We will begin with the Barclay.
WHAT THE ELDERS MUST BE
[the verse paraphrased]:
Rather he must be hospitable, a lover of all good
things and all good people, prudent, just, pious,
self-controlled, with a strong grip on the truly
reliable message which Christian teaching gave to
him, that he may be well able to encourage the
members of the Church with health-giving teaching,
and to convict the opponents of the faith.
THE previous passage set out the things which the
elders of the Church must not be; this one sets out
what the elders must be. These necessary qualities
group themselves into three sections [sections
1 and 2 in verse 8 with section 3 in verse 9].
(1) First, there are the qualities which elders of
the Church must display to other people.
An elder must he hospitable. The Greek is
philoxenos, which literally means a lover of
strangers. In the ancient world, there were a great
many who were constantly on the move. Inns were
notoriously expensive, dirty and immoral; and it was
essential that Christian travellers should find an
open door within the Christian community. To this
day, no one needs Christian fellowship more than the
stranger in an unfamiliar place.
An elder must also be philagathos, a word which
means either someone who loves good things or who
loves good people, and which Aristotle uses in the
sense of unselfish; that is, someone who loves good
actions. We do not have to choose between these
three meanings; they are all included. The Christian
elder must be someone whose heart answers to the
good in whatever person, wherever and in whatever
circumstances it is found.
(2) Second, there comes a group of terms which tell
us the personal qualities which Christian elders
must possess.
They must be prudent (so¯phro¯n).
Euripides called this prudence. Socrates called it
‘the foundation stone of virtue’. Xenophon said that
it was that spirit which shunned evil, not only when
evil could be seen but even when no one would ever
see it. R. C. Trench defined it as ‘entire command
over the passions and desires, so that they receive
no further allowance than that which the law and
right reason admit and approve’. So¯phro¯n is the
adjective to be applied to the person, as the Greeks
said themselves, ‘whose thoughts are saving
thoughts’. The Christian office-bearers must be
people who wisely control every instinct.
They must be just (dikaios).
The Greeks defined the just person as the one who
gives to other people what is due to them. The
Christian elders must be the kind of people who give
to other people the respect, and to God the
reverence, which are their due.
They must be pious (hosios).
The Greek word is hard to translate, for it
describes the person who reverences the fundamental
decencies of life, the things which go back beyond
any human law [this relates
to doing all things after the counsel of God's will].
They must be self-controlled (egkrate¯s).
The Greek word describes the person who has achieved
complete self-control. Anyone who would serve others
must first be in complete control of self.
~Barclay commentary with
minor edits by me
We will now go to the other commentaries. We will
begin with the general and go to the specific.
We will go first to the Matthew Henry and breaking
into the commentary where it begins speaking to
verse 8:
But, Secondly, Positively: he must be (Titus 1:8) a
lover of hospitality, as an evidence that he is not
given to filthy lucre, but is willing to use what he
has to the best purposes, not laying up for himself,
so as to hinder charitable laying out for the good
of others; receiving and entertaining strangers (as
the word imports), a great and necessary
office of love, especially in those times of
affliction and distress, when Christians were made
to fly and wander for safety from persecution and
enemies, or in travelling to and fro where there
were not such public houses for reception as in our
days, nor, it may be, had many poor saints
sufficiency of their own for such uses - then to
receive and entertain them was good and pleasing to
God. And such a spirit and practice, according to
ability and occasion, are very becoming such as
should be examples of good works. A lover of good
men, or of good things; ministers should be
exemplary in both; this will evince their open
piety, and likeness to God and their Master Jesus
Christ: Do good to all, but especially to those of
the household of faith, those who are the excellent
of the earth, in whom should be all our delight.
Sober, or prudent, as the word signifies; a needful
grace in a minister both for his ministerial and
personal carriage and management. He should be a
wise steward, and one who is not rash, or foolish,
or heady; but who can govern well his passions and
affections. Just in things belonging to civil life,
and moral righteousness, and equity in dealings,
giving to all their due. Holy, in what concerns
religion; one who reverences and worships God, and
is of a spiritual and heavenly conversation [conduct].
Temperate; it comes from a word that signifies
strength, and denotes one who has power over his
appetite and affections, or, in things lawful, can,
for good ends, restrain and hold them in. Nothing is
more becoming a minister than such things as these,
sobriety, temperance, justice, and holiness - sober
in respect of himself, just and righteous towards
all men, and holy towards God. And thus of the
qualifications respecting the minister's life and
manners, relative and absolute, negative and
positive, what he must not, and what he must, be and
do. ~Matthew Henry
Now a few words from the Matthew Henry Concise. The
text covers verses 5-9.
The character and qualification of pastors, here
called elders and bishops, agree with what the
apostle wrote to Timothy. Being such bishops and
overseers of the flock, to be examples to them, and
God's stewards to take care of the affairs of his
household, there is great reason that they should be
blameless. What they are not to be, is plainly
shown, as well as what they are to be, as servants
of Christ, and able ministers of the letter and
practice of the gospel. And here are described the
spirit and practice becoming such as should be
examples of good works.
~Matthew Henry Concise
Now a couple of things from the Biblical
Illustrator:
A lover of hospitality - The true hospitality
By this is not meant what is called keeping a good
open table, of which we have, and have ever had,
many examples in England, and much money, time, and
health have been spent at these luxurious and
hospitable banquets. The apostle does not mean the
great dinners of friendship, such as we have now,
when luxuries are drawn together from the ends of
the earth, to renew the sated appetite, and
anticipate not only the real but the imaginary wants
of the guests; he refers not to the sparkling of the
wine, or the brilliancy of wit when the spirit is
high, or those postprandial [pohst-pran-dee-uh
l] [after the
dinner] exhibitions which have been
called the feast of reason and the flow of soul. No;
this is not his meaning: but the bishop must be a
lover of hospitality in a higher and far nobler
sense of the word; his house and his heart ever open
to the poor and needy (Luke 14:13); if he has two
coats, the first naked man whom he meets gets one of
them; if the Lord has given him wealth, he actually
realizes the 25th of Matthew, by feeding the hungry,
clothing the naked, and visiting those that are in
prison. He loves to see the learned and the good,
the advanced Christian and the weak believer,
assembled round his table, in free and full and
unrestrained conversation; it is his noble privilege
to meet with all classes, mix with all classes, and
still be a blessing to them all; he can fare with a
peasant or feast with a prince, and be equally
satisfied with either.
~Biblical Illustrator
Quoted verses:
Luke 14:13
But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the
maimed, the lame, the blind:
Matthew 25:35-36
35 For I was an hungred, and ye gave me meat: I was
thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and
ye took me in:
36 Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye
visited me: I was in prison, and ye came unto me.
Here is another speaking to the last three words of
the verse:
Just, holy, temperate - Good ministerial qualities
1. Just refers to the principles of equity in our
conduct with one another. In the entire management
and government of his Church, but especially in
discipline, the bishop or elder requires this
qualification. He must look upon the poor and the
rich, the ignorant and the learned, in this respect
with an equal eye.
2. Holy, on the other hand, expresses more
especially our relations towards God, who is so
often called in Scripture “the Holy One of Israel.”
He is a saint, and rejoices to be numbered with the
company of those that are sanctified. His external
conduct, which is altogether just, is not
superficial but real, and flows from holiness of
heart; and all his noble actions in the sight of man
are based on the new heart, the new nature, and the
new hope within him. He is holy: his presence
rebukes the ungodly, and the tongue of the wicked is
silent before him; the atmosphere around him is
pure, salubrious, and serene; his words when he
speaks are like ointment poured forth; his holy
exhortations and heavenly prayers are full of the
blessing of the Lord; and his whole walk in the
midst of the people is like the sun, brighter and
brighter unto the perfect day. This twofold relation
of man to his neighbour and to God was known to the
heathen, for Polybius says (23:10, 8), “Just in
respect to our fellow man, and holy in things
pertaining to God.” Both of these meet in the
Christian bishop and form the greatest perfection of
his character. He is distinguished by justice among
his fellow creatures on earth, and his holiness
connects him with his Lord and Head in heaven.
3. He is also temperate, ἐκρατῆς, (cf. 1
Corinthians 7:9; 1 Corinthians 9:25)
—powerful, master of himself, having self-control,
and hence continent, which is undoubtedly the
meaning of it here. He has renounced the world, the
devil, and the flesh, and he will not be drawn away
from his high calling by sensual pleasure.
~Biblical Illustrator
Quoted verses:
1 Corinthians 7:9
But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it
is better to marry than to burn.
1 Corinthians 9:25
And every man that striveth for the mastery is
temperate in all things. Now they do it to obtain a
corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible.
Let us go now to the specific commentaries.
The verse is broken out in six parts:
1] But a lover of hospitality.
2] A lover of good men.
3] Sober.
4] Just.
5] Holy.
6] Temperate.
1] But a lover
of hospitality.
Barnes and the John Gill say to see the notes it has
on 1 Timothy 3:2 [see
Lesson]
Given to hospitality -
This is often enjoined on all Christians as a duty
of religion. For the reasons of this, and the nature
of the duty, see the Romans 12:13 note; Hebrews 13:2
note. It was a special duty of the ministers of
religion, as they were to be examples of every
Christian virtue. ~Barnes
Notes
Quoted verses
Romans 12:13
Distributing to the necessity of saints; given to
hospitality.
Hebrews 13:2
Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby
some have entertained angels unawares.
A lover of hospitality
- Φιλοξενον· A lover of strangers. Instead of
φιλοξενον, one MS. has φιλοπτωχον, a lover of the
poor. That minister who neglects the poor, but is
frequent in his visits to the rich, knows little of
his Master’s work, and has little of his Master’s
spirit. ~Adam Clarke
2] A lover of
good men.
A lover of good men. -
Better, lover of good.
~Vincent's Word Studies
A lover of good men. -
disposed to generous actions.
~Popular Commentary of the New Testament
A lover of good men -
Margin, “or things.” The Greek (φιλάγαθος
philagathos) means, a lover of good, and
may apply to any thing that is good. It may refer to
good men, as included under the general term good;
and there is no more essential qualification of a
bishop than this. A man who sustains the office of a
minister of the gospel, should love every good
object, and be ever ready to promote it; and he
should love every good man, no matter in what
denomination or country he may be found - no matter
what his complexion, and no matter what his rank in
life; compare the notes at Philippians 4:8.
~Barnes Notes
Quoted verse:
Philippians 4:8
Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true,
whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are
just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things
are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if
there be any virtue, and if there be any praise,
think on these things.
A lover of good men -
Φιλαγαθον· A lover of goodness or of good things in
general. ~Adam Clarke
A lover of good men -
or "of good"; the Syriac version renders it, "of
good things"; as prayer, preaching, reading,
meditation, spiritual conversation, and every
religious exercise: or "of good men"; for such an
elder or bishop has chiefly to do and converse with;
and if he is not a lover of them, their company will
be disagreeable to him, and he will be of no
advantage to them; and if he does not love the souls
of men, he will not naturally care for their state,
or be concerned for their good.
~John Gill
3] Sober.
Sober - Prudent in all
his conduct. Just in all his dealings. Holy in his
heart. ~Adam Clark
Sober - in body, using
moderation in diet and dress; and in mind, being
prudent, modest, and humble, and thinking soberly of
himself, and others, as he ought.
~John Gill
4] Just.
Just - Upright in his
dealings with all. A minister can do little good who
is not. ~Barnes Notes
Just - righteous in his
dealings with men, giving to everyone their due;
upright and sincere in his conversation [conduct]
with the saints; and faithful in his counsel,
admonitions, and reproofs.
~John Gill
5] Holy.
Holy - Pious, or
devout. Faithful in all his duties to God.
~Barnes Notes
Holy - devout towards
God, constant in all religious exercises in the
closet, family, and church; and living soberly,
righteously, and godly in the world.
~John Gill
6] Temperate.
Temperate - having
power over; possessed of; hence, controlling,
keeping in hand. ~Vincent's
Word Studies
Temperate - ἐγκρατῆ
egkratē. Having power or control over all his
passions. We apply the term now with reference to
abstinence from intoxicating liquors. In the
Scriptures, it includes not only that, but also much
more. It implies control over all our passions and
appetites. ~Barnes Notes
Temperate -
self-denying and abstemious [ab-stee-mee-uh
s] [moderate]
, in his food and raiment; not too nice on points of
honor, nor magisterially [maj-uh-steer-ee-uh
l ly] [domineeringly]
rigid in the exercise of his ecclesiastical
functions. Qualifications rarely found in spiritual
governors. ~Adam Clarke
Temperate - in eating
and drinking; continent [showing
restraint or control] from the lusts of
the flesh; and even abstaining from those things
which might be lawfully used, though inexpedient,
for the sake of the weak, the peace of the church,
and the glory of God. ~John
Gill
So, be a lover of hospitality -
his house and his heart ever open
to the poor and needy.
Be a lover of good things.
Sober - prudent in your conduct.
Just - righteous in your dealings, faithful
in your counsel; upright in your conduct.
Holy - devote towards God; living
righteously.
Temperate - having power and control over all
your passions
...these are the lessons of verse 8.
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